IELTS Writing Task 1 Map yêu cầu mô tả sự thay đổi của 1 địa điểm qua 2 hoặc 3 thời kỳ. Đây là dạng đặc biệt vì có nhiều preposition + verb chỉ vị trí. Bài này tổng hợp cấu trúc band 7+ kèm bài mẫu chi tiết.

I. Đặc điểm Map Task

  • So sánh 2-3 thời điểm (e.g., 1990 vs 2020).
  • Có thể là tương lai dự đoán (“proposed plan”).
  • Dùng past simple cho thay đổi đã diễn ra; future cho proposed.
  • Dùng nhiều passive voice.

II. Cấu trúc chuẩn band 7.0

Đoạn 1: Introduction

“The two maps illustrate the changes that took place in [place] between [year] and [year].”

Đoạn 2: Overview

Nêu thay đổi chính: cái gì biến mất, cái gì xuất hiện, đặc điểm chung.

“Overall, the area underwent significant transformation, with [main change]. In particular, [secondary change].”

Đoạn 3-4: Body

Chia theo khu vực (north/south/east/west) hoặc theo loại thay đổi (removed/added/changed).

III. Vocabulary mô tả vị trí

1. Hướng (Directions)

  • in the north / south / east / west
  • in the northeast / southwest
  • on the left / right side
  • at the top / bottom
  • in the center / middle
  • in the upper / lower part

2. Vị trí tương đối

  • next to / adjacent to – kế bên
  • opposite to – đối diện
  • between A and B – giữa
  • across from – đối diện
  • near / close to – gần
  • far from – xa
  • surrounded by – bao quanh bởi
  • in front of / behind – phía trước / sau
  • along – dọc theo
  • at the end of – ở cuối
  • at the junction of – ở giao điểm

3. Khoảng cách

  • a short distance away from – cách một quãng ngắn
  • within X meters of – trong vòng X mét
  • at a considerable distance from – cách khá xa

IV. Verbs mô tả thay đổi

1. Thêm / Xây mới (Add / Build)

  • be built / constructed / erected – được xây
  • be established / set up – được thành lập
  • be added – được thêm
  • be introduced – được giới thiệu
  • appear / emerge – xuất hiện
  • be developed – được phát triển

2. Loại bỏ / Phá dỡ (Remove / Demolish)

  • be demolished / pulled down – bị phá dỡ
  • be removed / cleared away – bị loại bỏ
  • be replaced by – bị thay bởi
  • disappear – biến mất
  • be cut down (cây) – bị chặt

3. Thay đổi (Change)

  • be converted into – được chuyển đổi thành
  • be transformed into – được biến đổi thành
  • be turned into – được biến thành
  • be expanded / extended – được mở rộng
  • be enlarged – được mở rộng
  • be reduced – được thu hẹp
  • be renovated – được tu sửa
  • be modernized – được hiện đại hóa

4. Di chuyển (Move)

  • be relocated – được di dời
  • be moved – được di chuyển
  • be shifted – được dịch chuyển

V. Bài mẫu band 7+ – Map đã thay đổi

Đề: The two maps show the changes that took place in a town center between 1980 and 2020.

Bài viết (190 từ):

The two maps illustrate the significant changes that occurred in a small town center between 1980 and 2020.

Overall, the area underwent considerable urban development over the four-decade period, transforming from a quiet residential area with natural features into a busier commercial zone. Many of the original buildings were demolished to make way for new facilities.

In 1980, the town center was dominated by a small park in the middle, surrounded by trees on the south side. To the north, there were a few houses, while the eastern part was occupied by a primary school. The western section had a small church next to a farm.

By 2020, the landscape had changed dramatically. The park in the center had been replaced by a large shopping mall, and the trees to the south had been cut down to construct a new parking area serving the mall. The houses in the north remained, but a row of restaurants was added next to them. To the east, the primary school had been expanded into a larger educational complex with additional buildings. In the west, the farm had disappeared, replaced by a residential complex with multiple apartments. The church, however, was preserved and remained at its original location.

VI. Bài mẫu band 7+ – Map có proposed plan

Đề: The first map shows a town in 2020, while the second shows proposed changes by 2030.

Cấu trúc bài:

The maps depict the current layout of a town and the proposed changes planned for 2030.

Overall, the proposed development will significantly enhance the town’s infrastructure, with the addition of new commercial and recreational facilities. The most notable change will be the conversion of green spaces into urban developments, while transportation networks will be expanded.

At present, the town center features a large park surrounded by residential houses to the north and south. To the east lies a small market, and to the west is an old factory. The town is connected to nearby areas only by a single main road running through the middle.

According to the proposal, several major changes will take place by 2030. The park will be partially removed to construct a community center and a public swimming pool. The houses in the north will be demolished to allow for the construction of high-rise apartments, increasing the town’s housing capacity. The market in the east will be transformed into a modern shopping complex, while the old factory in the west will be converted into a tech park. Additionally, a new ring road will be built around the town, easing traffic congestion. Two new bus stops will also be installed along this road.

VII. Cấu trúc câu cho Map

Cấu trúc 1 (Past – hiện tại):

  • “In 1980, X was located in the north.”
  • “By 2020, X had been replaced by Y.”
  • “The X was demolished and replaced by Y.”

Cấu trúc 2 (Proposed – tương lai):

  • “A new X will be built in the south.”
  • “The X will be replaced by Y.”
  • “X is planned to be converted into Y.”

Cấu trúc đối lập:

  • “While X remained unchanged, Y was completely transformed.”
  • “In contrast to X, which was demolished, Y was preserved.”

VIII. Tips quan trọng

  1. Đối chiếu kỹ 2 maps trước khi viết – liệt kê tất cả thay đổi.
  2. Chia khu vực rõ ràng – north, south, east, west, center.
  3. Dùng nhiều passive voice – “was built”, “were removed”.
  4. Chú ý tense:
    • Past (đã thay đổi): “was demolished”
    • Future (proposed): “will be built”
    • Vẫn còn: “remained”
  5. Compare cấu trúc song song: “While X…, Y…”
  6. Mention cả những thứ KHÔNG đổi (preserved/remained).

IX. Common mistakes

  1. Mô tả mỗi bản đồ riêng lẻ → thiếu so sánh.
  2. Quên Overview hoặc Overview có chi tiết.
  3. Chia tense sai (mixed past and present).
  4. Không dùng vocabulary chỉ vị trí.
  5. Bỏ sót thay đổi quan trọng.

X. Checklist

  • ☑ 4 đoạn
  • ☑ 150+ từ
  • ☑ Overview rõ thay đổi chính
  • ☑ Dùng nhiều passive voice
  • ☑ Chia khu vực địa lý
  • ☑ Vocab vị trí đa dạng
  • ☑ Mention cả unchanged và changed
  • ☑ Tense nhất quán

Kết luận

Map Task đòi hỏi kỹ năng mô tả vị trí + thay đổi qua thời gian với nhiều passive voice. Nắm vững 4 nhóm verb (add, remove, change, move) và vocabulary chỉ vị trí sẽ giúp bạn xử lý mọi map task. Luyện 5-7 bài map khác nhau trước thi để quen với các dạng đa dạng.